Heterocyclic Building Blocks-Isothiazole

Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of a thymidine derivative was written by Kim, Su Jeong;Lee, Ju Young;Ko, Ki Hwan;Kim, Byeang Hyean. And the article was included in Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society in 1998.Recommanded Product: 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one This article mentions the following:

A thymidine derivative has been synthesized from thymidine in 6 steps (40.5% overall yield) and X-ray crystallog. study shows that this derivative forms a centrosym. cyclic dimer through hydrogen bonding between thymine-thymine bases. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (cas: 94594-91-9Recommanded Product: 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one).

1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (cas: 94594-91-9) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Similar to other five-membered heterocycles, isothiazoles react with a wide range of electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents to form diverse products. Various penicillins and cephalosporins having an isothiazole ring system have shown considerable antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Recommanded Product: 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Diastereoselective cycloadditions of nitrilimines to enantiopure acrylamides was written by Garanti, Luisa;Molteni, Giorgio;Pilati, Tullio. And the article was included in Tetrahedron: Asymmetry in 2002.Safety of 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one This article mentions the following:

The diastereoselective cycloaddition of the nitrilimine, generated from hydrazonoyl chloride 4-MeC₆H₄NHN:C(Cl)CO₂Me, with enantiopure pyrrolidine, oxazolidine, or camphorsultam substituted acrylamides, e.g. I (R = Me₂CH, Ph), gave separable mixtures of isomeric 4,5-dihydropyrazoles, e.g. II. Basic hydrolysis of the cycloadducts gave the corresponding dicarboxy derivatives, e.g. III, which are of potential interest as new chiral building blocks. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (cas: 94594-91-9Safety of 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one).

1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (cas: 94594-91-9) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Isothiazoles and benzisothiazoles are usually liquids or low-melting-point solids; polar substituents increase the melting points because of the possibility of hydrogen bonding and other interactions in the crystalline state. It has been found that isothiazole-based compounds show synergistic effects when used with other biocidal compounds.Safety of 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Arsenic uptake, transformation, and release by three freshwater algae under conditions with and without growth stress was written by Xie, Shaowen;Liu, Jinxin;Yang, Fen;Feng, Hanxiao;Wei, Chaoyang;Wu, Fengchang. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2018.Quality Control of Isothiazol-3(2H)-one This article mentions the following:

This study was carried out using indoor controlled experiments to study the arsenic uptake, biotransformation, and release behaviors of freshwater algae under growth stress. Three freshwater algae, Microcystis aeruginosa, Anabaena flosaquae, and Chlorella sp.,Two types of inhibitors, Cu²⁺ and isothiazolinone, inhibit the growth of the algae. The algae were cultivated to a logarithmic stage in growth media containing0.1 mg/L P; then,0.8 mg/LAs in the form of arsenate (iAs^V) was added,while both inhibitors were simultaneously added at dosages of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/LAfter 2 days of exposure, the average growth rate was measured to represent the growth rates of the algae cells; the extra- and intracellular monomethyl arsenic, and di-Me arsenic, were also measured,Without inhibitors,M.aeruginosa significantly higher than that of the other two algae.However, when Cu²⁺ was added as an external inhibitor, the order of the average growth rate for the three algae became partially reversed.The great reduction in M. aeruginosa growth rate was accompanied by increases in extracellular iAs^V and iAs^III and intracellular iAs concentrations The biol.productivity of As by the three algae followed the order of M.aeruginosa, Chlorella sp.,and A.flosaquae,generally consistent with the As transformation and release in conditions with and without inhibitors, suggesting that the As behavior in the algae that was related to growth stress largely differed among algae species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isothiazol-3(2H)-one (cas: 1003-07-2Quality Control of Isothiazol-3(2H)-one).

Isothiazol-3(2H)-one (cas: 1003-07-2) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Similar to other five-membered heterocycles, isothiazoles react with a wide range of electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents to form diverse products. It has been found that isothiazole-based compounds show synergistic effects when used with other biocidal compounds.Quality Control of Isothiazol-3(2H)-one

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

3H-Pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline-Based Kinase Inhibitors Inhibit the Proliferation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells In Vivo was written by Dayal, Neetu;Reznickova, Eva;Hernandez, Delmis E.;Perina, Miroslav;Torregrosa-Allen, Sandra;Elzey, Bennett D.;Skerlova, Jana;Ajani, Haresh;Djukic, Stefan;Vojackova, Veronika;Lepsik, Martin;Rezacova, Pavlina;Krystof, Vladimir;Jorda, Radek;Sintim, Herman O.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Application In Synthesis of Benzo[d]isothiazol-5-amine This article mentions the following:

Herein, various 3H-pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline-containing compounds e.g., I were rapidly assembled via the Doebner-Povarov multicomponent reaction from the readily available 5-aminoindazoles, ketones and aldehydes in good yields. The most active compounds potently inhibit the recombinant FLT3 kinase and its mutant forms with nanomolar IC₅₀ values. Docking studies with the FLT3 kinase showed a type I binding mode, where the 3H-pyrazolo group interacts with Cys694 in the hinge region. The compounds blocked the proliferation of AML cell lines harboring oncogenic FLT3-ITD mutations with remarkable IC₅₀ values, which were comparable to the approved FLT3 inhibitor quizartinib. The compounds also inhibited the growth of leukemia in a mouse-disseminated AML model, and hence, the novel 3H-pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinoline-containing kinase inhibitors are potential lead compounds to develop into anticancer agents, especially for kinase-driven cancers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzo[d]isothiazol-5-amine (cas: 53473-85-1Application In Synthesis of Benzo[d]isothiazol-5-amine).

Benzo[d]isothiazol-5-amine (cas: 53473-85-1) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. The chemistry of isothiazoles is being intensively developed, which is evidenced by the wide range of selective transformations involving the isothiazole heterocycle and the high biological activity of its derivatives that can be used as effective new drugs and plant protection chemicals. Various penicillins and cephalosporins having an isothiazole ring system have shown considerable antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Application In Synthesis of Benzo[d]isothiazol-5-amine

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

The critical review of methodologies and approaches to assess the inherent skin sensitization potential (skin allergies) of chemicals. Part III was written by Thyssen, Jacob P.;Gimenez-Arnau, Elena;Lepoittevin, Jean-Pierre;Menne, Torkil;Boman, Anders;Schnuch, Axel. And the article was included in Contact Dermatitis in 2012.Formula: C3H3NOS This article mentions the following:

The statistical evidence on the incidence and morbidity of skin contact allergy (contact dermatitis) cases in the European Union before and after the safety limits were set is presented. The evidence is used to assess the possible effect of the limits in the reduction/prevention of the incidence and morbidity of contact dermatitis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isothiazol-3(2H)-one (cas: 1003-07-2Formula: C3H3NOS).

Isothiazol-3(2H)-one (cas: 1003-07-2) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Isothiazoles and isothiazolium cations are attacked by carbanions at sulfur and on recyclization can give thiophenes. Many compounds with an isothiazole scaffold demonstrated a wide range of biological profiles. Some of these molecules have been efficiently used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.Formula: C3H3NOS

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

One-pot transformation of silyl enol ethers into 1,3-dienes: In situ generation of alkenyl nonaflates and subsequent heck reactions – scope and limitations was written by Lyapkalo, Ilya M.;Webel, Matthias;Reissig, Hans-Ulrich. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2002.Recommanded Product: 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one This article mentions the following:

Palladium-catalyzed reactions between Me acrylate and the isolated alkenyl nonaflates proceed without difficulties, furnishing the desired 1,3-dienes in good yields. Starting nonaflates included 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluoro-1-butanesulfonic acid 1-cyclopenten-1-yl ester, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-Nonafluoro-1-butanesulfonic acid (1E)-1-nonenyl ester and 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluoro-1-butanesulfonic acid 2-methyl-2-propenyl ester. The use of other alkenyl nonaflates and olefins in this Heck reaction was also examined The main purpose of this study was the development of an in situ generation of the required alkenyl nonaflates from the corresponding silyl enol ethers and their one-pot transformation into 1,3-dienes. Thus, the previously described fluoride-promoted exchange of the trimethylsilyl substituent of typical enol ethers was directly combined with the palladium-catalyzed coupling step. This sequence allowed the efficient transformation of a variety of silyl enol ethers 1 into highly substituted 1,3-dienes in a practical one-pot procedure. The scope and limitations, together with the chemo- and stereoselectivity, of this process are discussed. A particular intriguing example involves a one-pot synthesis of (1R,2R)-rel-4-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-4-Cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid di-Me ester by means of a Diels-Alder reaction, subsequent nonaflation and a Heck reaction with tert-Bu acrylate, furnishing a highly functionalized 1,3-diene in good overall yield. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (cas: 94594-91-9Recommanded Product: 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one).

1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (cas: 94594-91-9) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Isothiazole is a good solvent for many organic substances but should be used with caution because it is more toxic than pyridine. Various penicillins and cephalosporins having an isothiazole ring system have shown considerable antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Recommanded Product: 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Chloride channel inhibition by a red wine extract and a synthetic small molecule prevents rotaviral secretory diarrhoea in neonatal mice was written by Ko, Eun-A.;Jin, Byung-Ju;Namkung, Wan;Ma, Tonghui;Thiagarajah, Jay R.;Verkman, A. S.. And the article was included in Gut in 2014.Product Details of 1003-07-2 This article mentions the following:

Background Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe secretory diarrhoea in infants and young children globally. The rotaviral enterotoxin, NSP4, has been proposed to stimulate calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCC) on the apical plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. We previously identified red wine and small mol. CaCC inhibitors. Objective To investigate the efficacy of a red wine extract and a synthetic small mol., CaCC_inh-A01, in inhibiting intestinal CaCCs and rotaviral diarrhoea. Design Inhibition of CaCC-dependent current was measured in T84 cells and mouse ileum. The effectiveness of an orally administered wine extract and CaCC_inh-A01 in inhibiting diarrhoea in vivo was determined in a neonatal mouse model of rotaviral infection. Results Screening of ∼150 red wines revealed a Cabernet Sauvignon that inhibited CaCC current in T84 cells with IC₅₀ at a ∼1:200 dilution, and higher concentrations producing 100% inhibition. A >1 kdalton wine extract prepared by dialysis, which retained full inhibition activity, blocked CaCC current in T84 cells and mouse intestine. In rotavirus-inoculated mice, oral administration of the wine extract prevented diarrhoea by inhibition of intestinal fluid secretion without affecting rotaviral infection. The wine extract did not inhibit the cystic fibrosis chloride channel (CFTR) in cell cultures, nor did it prevent watery stools in neonatal mice administered cholera toxin, which activates CFTR-dependent fluid secretion. CaCC_inh-A01 also inhibited rotaviral diarrhoea. Conclusions Our results support a pathogenic role for enterocyte CaCCs in rotaviral diarrhoea and demonstrate the antidiarrhoeal action of CaCC inhibition by an alc.-free, red wine extract and by a synthetic small mol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isothiazol-3(2H)-one (cas: 1003-07-2Product Details of 1003-07-2).

Isothiazol-3(2H)-one (cas: 1003-07-2) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Isothiazole is more toxic than pyridine. But the more substituted isothiazoles are usually far less toxic. Many compounds with an isothiazole scaffold demonstrated a wide range of biological profiles, including antiinflammatory, antithrombotic, and anticonvulsive agents.Product Details of 1003-07-2

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Synthetic Routes to a Constrained Ring Analog of Didemnin B was written by Mayer, Scott C.;Pfizenmayer, Amy J.;Joullie, Madeleine M.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1996.Recommanded Product: 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one This article mentions the following:

The didemnin class of biol. active cyclodepsipeptides, isolated from a marine tunicate, has shown antitumor, antiviral, and immunosuppressive activities. Synthetic studies were undertaken to prepare a modified analog of one of the most potent congeners didemnin B. The side chain of the isostatine unit was tethered into the macrocycle via a cyclohexane ring in order to provide a more rigid conformation and determine the importance of this unit in bioactive compounds This modification created a new macrocycle core and generated a diastereomeric mixture of constrained didemnin B analogs I. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (cas: 94594-91-9Recommanded Product: 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one).

1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (cas: 94594-91-9) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Isothiazoles and isothiazolium cations are attacked by carbanions at sulfur and on recyclization can give thiophenes. In general, isothiazole undergoes nitration in the presence of HNO3, sulfuric acid, and sulfonation by using sulfuric acid under thermal conditions to generate corresponding 4-nitro- and 4-sulfonic acid derivatives, respectively.Recommanded Product: 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Can pediatric bipolar disorder be successfully treated when comorbid with conduct disorder? A secondary analysis of clinical trials of risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole was written by Wozniak, Janet;DiSalvo, Maura;Farrell, Abigail;Yule, Amy;Joshi, Gagan;Cook, Emmaline;Faraone, Stephen V.;Biederman, Joseph. And the article was included in Journal of Psychopharmacology (London, United Kingdom) in 2022.Electric Literature of C21H21ClN4OS This article mentions the following:

Pediatric bipolar disorder (BP) is frequently comorbid with conduct disorder (CD) and its presence adds to the morbidity of BP. While there are no known pharmacol. treatments for CD, pediatric BP is responsive to treatment with medications initially indicated for the treatment of psychosis, several of which have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of pediatric mania. The main aim of this secondary anal. was to examine whether pediatric BP comorbid with CD responds similarly to treatment with such selected medications. Considering the well-documented morbidity of CD, this finding could have important clin. and public health significance. We conducted a secondary anal. of six prospective 8-wk open-label trials of selected medications (risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, ziprasidone, and aripiprazole) using identical methodol. in youth with BP with and without comorbid CD. Of 165 youths with BP, 54% (N = 89) met criteria for comorbid CD. The antimanic effects observed did not significantly differ between BP youths with and without comorbid CD, as measured either by a reduction in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) ≥ 30% or Clin. Global Impression (CGI)-Improvement ≤ 2 (p = 0.23), or by the more stringent definition of a reduction in YMRS ≥ 50% (p = 0.61). Pediatric BP can be effectively treated with the abovementioned medications in the context of comorbid CD. Based on previous research showing that remission of BP is associated with remission of CD, if confirmed, these findings raise the possibility that antimanic treatment of youth with BP comorbid with CD could have secondary benefits in mitigating the morbidity associated with CD. This is a pilot scale finding, the results of which are promising and should be confirmed by larger and long-term follow-up studies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one (cas: 146939-27-7Electric Literature of C21H21ClN4OS).

5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one (cas: 146939-27-7) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Isothiazole is a good solvent for many organic substances but should be used with caution because it is more toxic than pyridine. In general, isothiazole undergoes nitration in the presence of HNO3, sulfuric acid, and sulfonation by using sulfuric acid under thermal conditions to generate corresponding 4-nitro- and 4-sulfonic acid derivatives, respectively.Electric Literature of C21H21ClN4OS

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Evaluation of bactericidal performances of different bactericides on sulfate reducing bacteria was written by Gao, Jian-fu;Li, Jin;Jing, Chao-wen. And the article was included in Gongye Yongshui Yu Feishui in 2013.Synthetic Route of C3H3NOS This article mentions the following:

The bactericidal performances of three kinds of bactericides: NaClO, 1227 and isothiazolinone, on sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) in circulating water were investigated by static cultivation; the changes of SRB cellular morphol. and corrosion morphol. of SS316L stainless steel test specimen were observed using SEM. The results showed that, NaClO obtained its best bactericidal performance in 12 h, which was shorter than the required time (24 h) for 1227 and isothiazolinone getting their optimal bactericidal performance. However, the antibacterial duration of NaClO was short, which was only 24 h; on the contrary, 1227 had the longest antibacterial duration, which was about 1 wk. Under the optimal conditions, the highest bactericidal rates of NaClO, 1227 and isothiazolinone reached 86.71%, 89.70% and 79.70% resp. Along with time, the cell structure of SRB was decomposed from partially to totally, and the cells disintegrated completely in 7 h. In the circulating cooling water with SRB inoculation, a layer of uneven distribution biofilm was formed on the surface of SS316L, which showed that, the corrosion of SS316L caused by SRB was mainly represented as pitting corrosion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isothiazol-3(2H)-one (cas: 1003-07-2Synthetic Route of C3H3NOS).

Isothiazol-3(2H)-one (cas: 1003-07-2) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Isothiazoles and their saturated and/or oxygenated analogs play an important role in pharmaceutical research. Many compounds with an isothiazole scaffold demonstrated a wide range of biological profiles, including antiinflammatory, antithrombotic, and anticonvulsive agents.Synthetic Route of C3H3NOS

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com