Heterocyclic Building Blocks-Isothiazole

N-Skatyltryptamines-Dual 5-HT6R/D2R Ligands with Antipsychotic and Procognitive Potential was written by Hogendorf, Agata;Hogendorf, Adam S.;Kurczab, Rafal;Satala, Grzegorz;Szewczyk, Bernadeta;Cieslik, Paulina;Latacz, Gniewomir;Handzlik, Jadwiga;Lenda, Tomasz;Kaczorowska, Katarzyna;Staron, Jakub;Bugno, Ryszard;Duszynska, Beata;Bojarski, Andrzej J.. And the article was included in Molecules in 2021.Product Details of 146939-27-7 This article mentions the following:

A series of N-skatyltryptamines was synthesized and their affinities for serotonin and dopamine receptors were determined Compounds exhibited activity toward 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT6, and D2 receptors. Substitution patterns resulting in affinity/activity switches were identified and studied using homol. modeling. Chosen hits were screened to determine their metabolism, permeability, hepatotoxicity, and CYP inhibition. Several D2 receptor antagonists with addnl. 5-HT6R antagonist and agonist properties were identified. The former combination resembled known antipsychotic agents, while the latter was particularly interesting due to the fact that it has not been studied before. Selective 5-HT6R antagonists have been shown previously to produce procognitive and promnesic effects in several rodent models. Administration of 5-HT6R agonists was more ambiguous-in naive animals, it did not alter memory or produce slight amnesic effects, while in rodent models of memory impairment, they ameliorated the condition just like antagonists. Using the identified hit compounds 15 and 18, we tried to sort out the difference between ligands exhibiting the D2R antagonist function combined with 5-HT6R agonism, and mixed D2/5-HT6R antagonists in murine models of psychosis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one (cas: 146939-27-7Product Details of 146939-27-7).

5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one (cas: 146939-27-7) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Some representatives of isothiazoles have proven to be synergists of bioactive substances, which opens the way to lower the doses of drugs used and is especially important in cancer chemotherapy. It has been found that isothiazole-based compounds show synergistic effects when used with other biocidal compounds.Product Details of 146939-27-7

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Identification of fungi from children’s shoes and application of a novel antimicrobial agent on shoe insole was written by Li, Hui;Zhou, Jin;Shi, Rui;Chen, Wuyong. And the article was included in African Journal of Biotechnology in 2011.Application In Synthesis of Isothiazol-3(2H)-one This article mentions the following:

Thirteen strains of fungi were isolated from 12 shoes worn by children aged 6-12 for a period of more than half a year consisting of 5 strains of yeasts and 8 strains of molds. Through morphol. observation and 18S rDNA sequence anal., the 5 strains of yeasts were identified as follows: Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus albidus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Candida utilis. While the 8 strains of molds characterized and classified by point cropping, insert method, and imprint method were resp. Mucor (2 subspecies), Chain cell mold, Aspergillus (3 subspecies), and Penicillium (2 subspecies). In order to protect children’s feet from being infected by the fungi, a novel nano antimicrobial composite containing nano ZnO and isothiazolinone was prepared and was used to treat the children’s insole by spraying. The inhibitory effects of the nano antimicrobial composite treated insole against yeasts and molds from children’s shoes were evaluated by the inhibition zone and the inhibition ratio method. The results show that the insole treated with 2% nano antimicrobial composite could inhibit the growth of tested microorganism effectively, which could also achieve >97% inhibition ratio against the entire tested fungi. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isothiazol-3(2H)-one (cas: 1003-07-2Application In Synthesis of Isothiazol-3(2H)-one).

Isothiazol-3(2H)-one (cas: 1003-07-2) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Isothiazoles and isothiazolium cations are attacked by carbanions at sulfur and on recyclization can give thiophenes. Various penicillins and cephalosporins having an isothiazole ring system have shown considerable antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Application In Synthesis of Isothiazol-3(2H)-one

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Conjugate addition of the phenyldimethylsilyl group to αβ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds using a silylzincate in place of the silylcuprate was written by Crump, Roger A. N. C.;Fleming, Ian;Urch, Christopher J.. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1 in 1994.Recommanded Product: (E)-1-((3aR,6S,7aS)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)but-2-en-1-one This article mentions the following:

Li phenyldimethylsilyl(dialkyl)zincates add to a number of αβ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds,e.g., PhC:CHCO₂Me, to give, in most cases, higher yields of the conjugate addition product, e.g., PhMe₂SiCHPhCH₂CO₂Me, than the authors had achieved with the corresponding silylcuprate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-1-((3aR,6S,7aS)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)but-2-en-1-one (cas: 94594-81-7Recommanded Product: (E)-1-((3aR,6S,7aS)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)but-2-en-1-one).

(E)-1-((3aR,6S,7aS)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)but-2-en-1-one (cas: 94594-81-7) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Similar to other five-membered heterocycles, isothiazoles react with a wide range of electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents to form diverse products. The ring structure of isothiazole is incorporated into larger compounds with biological activity such as the pharmaceutical drugs ziprasidone and perospirone.Recommanded Product: (E)-1-((3aR,6S,7aS)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)but-2-en-1-one

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Tetrahydro-3H-pyrazolo[4,3-a]phenanthridine-based CDK inhibitor was written by Opoku-Temeng, Clement;Dayal, Neetu;Hernandez, Delmis E.;Naganna, N.;Sintim, Herman O.. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2018.Related Products of 53473-85-1 This article mentions the following:

Cyclin-dependent kinases have emerged as important targets for cancer therapy. HSD992, containing a novel scaffold based on the tetrahydro-3H-pyrazolo[4,3-a]phenanthridine core, inhibits CDK2/3 but not other CDKs and also potently inhibits several cancer cell lines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzo[d]isothiazol-5-amine (cas: 53473-85-1Related Products of 53473-85-1).

Benzo[d]isothiazol-5-amine (cas: 53473-85-1) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Isothiazoles and benzisothiazoles are usually liquids or low-melting-point solids; polar substituents increase the melting points because of the possibility of hydrogen bonding and other interactions in the crystalline state. Many compounds with an isothiazole scaffold demonstrated a wide range of biological profiles, including antiinflammatory, antithrombotic, and anticonvulsive agents.Related Products of 53473-85-1

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Micropollutants in urban stormwater: occurrence, concentrations, and atmospheric contributions for a wide range of contaminants in three French catchments was written by Gasperi, J.;Sebastian, C.;Ruban, V.;Delamain, M.;Percot, S.;Wiest, L.;Mirande, C.;Caupos, E.;Demare, D.;Kessoo, M. Diallo Kessoo;Saad, M.;Schwartz, J. J.;Dubois, P.;Fratta, C.;Wolff, H.;Moilleron, R.;Chebbo, G.;Cren, C.;Millet, M.;Barraud, S.;Gromaire, M. C.. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2014.Quality Control of Isothiazol-3(2H)-one This article mentions the following:

This study aimed at: (a) providing information on the occurrence and concentration ranges in urban stormwater for a wide array of pollutants (n = 77); (b) assessing whether despite the differences between various catchments (land use, climatic conditions, etc.), the trends in terms of contamination level are similar; and (c) analyzing the contribution of total atm. fallout (TAF) with respect to sources endogenous to this contamination. The studied contaminants include conventional stormwater contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Zn, Cu, Pb, etc.), in addition to poorly or undocumented pollutants such as nonylphenol and octylphenol ethoxylates (NPnEO and OPnEO), bisphenol A (BPA), polybrominated di-Ph ethers (PBDEs), a wide variety of pesticides, and various metals of relevance (As, Ti, Sr, V). Sampling and anal. were performed using homogeneous methods on three urban catchments with different land use patterns located in three distinct French towns. For many of these pollutants, the results do not allow highlighting a significant difference in stormwater quality at the scale of the three urban catchments considered. Significant differences were, however, observed for several metals (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Sr and Zn), PAHs, and PBDEs, though this assessment would need to be confirmed by further experiments The pollutant distributions between dissolved and particulate phases were found to be similar across the three exptl. sites, thus suggesting no site dependence. Lastly, the contributions of TAF to stormwater contamination for micropollutants were quite low. This finding held true not only for PAHs, as previously demonstrated in the literature, but also for a broader range of mols. such as BPA, NPnEO, OPnEO, and PBDEs, whose high local production is correlated with the leaching of urban surfaces, buildings, and vehicles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isothiazol-3(2H)-one (cas: 1003-07-2Quality Control of Isothiazol-3(2H)-one).

Isothiazol-3(2H)-one (cas: 1003-07-2) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Isothiazoles and benzisothiazoles are usually liquids or low-melting-point solids; polar substituents increase the melting points because of the possibility of hydrogen bonding and other interactions in the crystalline state. Many compounds with an isothiazole scaffold demonstrated a wide range of biological profiles, including antiinflammatory, antithrombotic, and anticonvulsive agents.Quality Control of Isothiazol-3(2H)-one

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Genome-wide association study of antipsychotic-induced sinus bradycardia in Chinese schizophrenia patients was written by Weng, Saizheng;Wang, Bo;Li, Mo;Chao, Shan;Lin, Ruiqian;Zheng, Rongyan;Yu, Yinliang;Guo, Shaonan;Lin, Xianhao. And the article was included in PLoS One in 2021.Recommanded Product: 5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one This article mentions the following:

Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) play a critical role in current treatment of schizophrenia (SCZ). It has been observed that sinus bradycardia, rare but in certain situations life threatening adverse drug reaction, can be induced by SGAs across different schizophrenia populations. However, the roles of genetic factors in this phenomenon have not been studied yet. In the present study, a genome-wide association study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was performed on Chinese Han SCZ patients to identify susceptibility loci that were associated with sinus bradycardia induced by SGAs. This study applied microarray to obtain genotype profiles of 88 Han Chinese SCZ patients. Our results found that there were no SNPs had genome-wide significant association with sinus bradycardia induced by SGAs. The top GWAS hit located in gene KIAA0247, which mainly regulated by the tumor suppressor P53 and thus plays a role in carcinogenesis based on resent research and it should not be a susceptibility locus to sinus bradycardia induced by SGAs. Using gene-set functional anal., we tested that if top 500 SNPs mapped genes were relevant to sinus bradycardia. The result of gene prioritization anal. showed CTNNA3 was strongly correlated with sinus bradycardia, hinting it was a susceptibility gene of this ADR. Our study provides a preliminary study of genetic variants associated with sinus bradycardia induced by SGAs in Han Chinese SCZ patients. The discovery of a possible susceptibility gene shed light on further study of this adverse drug reaction in Han Chinese SCZ patients. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one (cas: 146939-27-7Recommanded Product: 5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one).

5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one (cas: 146939-27-7) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Isothiazole is more toxic than pyridine. But the more substituted isothiazoles are usually far less toxic. It has been found that isothiazole-based compounds show synergistic effects when used with other biocidal compounds.Recommanded Product: 5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Diastereoselective Conjugate Reduction and Enolate Trapping with Glyoxylate Imines. A Concise Approach to β-Lactams that Involves a Ternary Combination of Components was written by Palomo, Claudio;Aizpurua, Jesus M.;Gracenea, Jose Javier. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1999.Category: isothiazole This article mentions the following:

The conjugate addition of hydride reagents to enolates and subsequent condensation of the resulting enolate with an imine is used to prepare β-lactams. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (cas: 94594-91-9Category: isothiazole).

1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (cas: 94594-91-9) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. The chemistry of isothiazoles is being intensively developed, which is evidenced by the wide range of selective transformations involving the isothiazole heterocycle and the high biological activity of its derivatives that can be used as effective new drugs and plant protection chemicals. Isothiazoles are readily prepared from isoxazoles. Thus, reductive ring opening of isoxazoles gives enaminones , which on treatment with phosphorus pentasulfide and chloranil give the corresponding isothiazoles.Category: isothiazole

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Synthesis and CD spectra in MeCN, MeOH, and H₂O of γ-oligopeptides with hydroxy groups on the backbone was written by Brenner, Meinrad;Seebach, Dieter. And the article was included in Helvetica Chimica Acta in 2001.Name: 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one This article mentions the following:

γ⁴-Tripeptides and γ⁴-hexapeptides, I [n = 1, 2; R¹ = Boc (Boc = tert-butoxycarbonyl), R² = Bn;] and II (n = 1, 2; R¹ = Boc, R² = Bn, or n = 2, R¹ = R² = H) with OH groups in the 2- or 3-position on each residue have been prepared The corresponding 2-hydroxy amino acids were obtained by Si-nitronate (3+2) cycloadditions to the acryloyl derivative of Oppolzer’s sultam and Raney-Ni reduction of the resulting 1,2-oxazolidines. The 3-hydroxy amino acid derivatives were prepared by chain elongation via Claisen condensation of Boc-Ala-OH, Boc-Val-OH, and Boc-Leu-OH, and NaBH₄ reduction of the Me 4-amino 3-oxo carboxylates formed. The N-Boc hydroxy amino acids were coupled in solution to give the γ-peptides. CD spectra of the new types of γ-peptides were recorded and compared with those of simple γ²-, γ³-, γ⁴-, and γ^2,3,4-peptides. An intense Cotton effect at ca. 200 nm ([Θ]= -2.10⁵ deg·cm²·dmol^-1) indicates that the hexapeptide built of (3R,4S)-4-amino-3-hydroxy acids (with the side chains of Val, Ala, Leu) folds to a secondary structure so far unknown. The stability of peptides from β- and γ-amino acids, which carry heteroatoms on their backbones is discussed. Positions on the γ-peptidic 2.6₁₄ helix are identified at which non-H-atoms are “allowed”. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (cas: 94594-91-9Name: 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one).

1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (cas: 94594-91-9) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Similar to other five-membered heterocycles, isothiazoles react with a wide range of electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents to form diverse products. Various penicillins and cephalosporins having an isothiazole ring system have shown considerable antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Name: 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Persistence of Isothiazolinones in Clothes After Machine Washing was written by Marrero-Aleman, Gabriel;Borrego, Leopoldo;Gonzalez Antuna, Ana;Macias Montes, Ana;Perez Luzardo, Octavio. And the article was included in Dermatitis in 2021.Category: isothiazole This article mentions the following:

Sensitization to methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) and methylisothiazolinone (MI) is a worldwide problem. Washing machine detergents are suspected to cause cutaneous symptoms in highly sensitized patients. Little is known about the persistence of isothiazolinones in clothes that have been washed. The aim of the study was to analyze the possible persistence of MI, MCI, benzisothiazolinone, and octylisothiazolinone in common fabrics after machine washing. Different clothes (cotton, polyester, linen, and wool) were collected, and 4 types of wash were done (control, standard, standard + conditioner, and standard + double rinse). The samples were analyzed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatog. The results showed that the concentrations of isothiazolinones were very low, independent of the type of material or wash. The highest levels were found in the control wash (hand wash), reaching a maximum of 0.4 ppm in the linen. Our findings suggest that it is not necessary to recommend that patients sensitized to MI avoid isothiazolinones in machine detergents or fabric conditioners or to double rinse. However, after using the detergent for hand washing (the control in our study), there may remain sufficient concentrations of isothiazolinones in clothes to produce symptoms in highly sensitized patients. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isothiazol-3(2H)-one (cas: 1003-07-2Category: isothiazole).

Isothiazol-3(2H)-one (cas: 1003-07-2) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Some representatives of isothiazoles have proven to be synergists of bioactive substances, which opens the way to lower the doses of drugs used and is especially important in cancer chemotherapy. It has been found that isothiazole-based compounds show synergistic effects when used with other biocidal compounds.Category: isothiazole

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of C-(2-thiazolyl)nitrones to chiral acrylates. Synthesis of enantiopure α-amino-2-alkylthiazoles and 5-formylpyrrolidin-2-ones was written by Tejero, Tomas;Dondoni, Alessandro;Rojo, Isabel;Merchan, Francisco L.;Merino, Pedro. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 1997.COA of Formula: C13H19NO3S This article mentions the following:

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of thiazolyl nitrones I (R¹ = PhCH₂, 4-MeOC₆H₄CH₂) with chiral acrylates, e.g., II, has been studied. The use of the Oppolzer’s camphor sultam as chiral inductor provided isoxazolidines, III with excellent regio- and diastereoselectivities and good asym. induction. The cycloadducts were converted into homochiral α-amino-2-alkylthiazoles and 5-(2-thiazolyl)-3-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinones IV. The latter compounds were precursors of highly functionalized pyrrolidones by the aldehyde unmasking from the thiazole ring and subsequent reactions of the formyl group. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (cas: 94594-91-9COA of Formula: C13H19NO3S).

1-((3aS,6R,7aR)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (cas: 94594-91-9) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Isothiazole is more toxic than pyridine. But the more substituted isothiazoles are usually far less toxic. Isothiazoles are readily prepared from isoxazoles. Thus, reductive ring opening of isoxazoles gives enaminones , which on treatment with phosphorus pentasulfide and chloranil give the corresponding isothiazoles.COA of Formula: C13H19NO3S

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com