Category: 552-63-6

Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products, HPLC of Formula: C9H10O3, 552-63-6, Name is 3-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoic acid, molecular formula is C9H10O3, belongs to isothiazole compound. In a document, author is Teffera, Yohannes, introduce the new discover.

Bioactivation of Isothiazoles: Minimizing the Risk of Potential Toxicity in Drug Discovery

Compound 1, (7-methoxy-N-((6-(3-methylisothiazol-5-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-yl)methyl)-1,5-naphthyridin-4-amine) is a potent, selective inhibitor of c-Met (mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor), a receptor tyrosine kinase that is often deregulated in cancer. Compound 1 displayed desirable pharmacolcinetic properties in multiple preclinical species. Glutathione trapping studies in liver microsomes resulted in the NADPH-dependent formation of a glutathione conjugate. Compound 1 also exhibited very high in vitro NADPH-dependent covalent binding to microsomal proteins. Species differences in covalent binding were observed, with the highest binding in rats, mice, and monkeys (1100-1300 pmol/mg/h), followed by dogs (400 pmol/mg/h) and humans (144 pmol/mg/h). This covalent binding to protein was abolished by coincubation with glutathione. Together, these in vitro data suggest that covalent binding and glutathione conjugation proceed via bioactivation to a chemically reactive intermediate. The cytochrome (CYP) P450 enzymes responsible for this bioactivation were identified as cytochrome P450 3A4, 1A2, and 2D6 in human and cytochrome P450 2A2, 3A1, and 3A2 in rats. The glutathione metabolite was detected in the bile of rats and mice, thus demonstrating bioactivation occurring in vivo. Efforts to elucidate the structure of the glutathione adduct led to the isolation and characterization of the metabolite by NMR and mass spectrometry. The analytical data confirmed conclusively that the glutathione conjugation was on the 4-C position of the isothiazole ring. Such P450-mediated bioactivation of an isothiazole or thiazole group has not been previously reported. We propose a mechanism of bioactivation via sulfur oxidation followed by glutathione attack at the 4-position with subsequent loss of water resulting in the formation of the glutathione conjugate. Efforts to reduce bioactivation without compromising potency and pharmacokinetics were undertaken in order to minimize the potential risk of toxicity. Because of the exemplary pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties of the isothiazole group, initial attempts were focused on introducing alternative metabolic soft spots into the molecule. These efforts resulted in the discovery of 7-(2-methoxyethoxy)-N-((6-(3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-yl)methyl)-1,5-naphthyridin-4-amine (compound 2), with the major metabolic transformation occurring on the naphthyridine ring alkoxy substituent. However, a glutathione conjugate of compound 2 was produced in vitro and in vivo in a manner similar to that observed for compound 1. Furthermore, the covalent binding was high across species (360, 300, 529, 208, and 98 pmol/mg/h in rats, mice, dogs, monkeys, and humans, respectively), but coincubation with glutathione reduced the extent of covalent binding. The second viable alternative in reducing bioactivation involved replacing the isothiazole ring with bioisosteric heterocycles. Replacement of the isothiazole ring with an isoxazole or a pyrazole reduced the bioactivation while retaining the desirable PK/PD characteristics of compounds 1 and 2.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 552-63-6. HPLC of Formula: C9H10O3.

Reference:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
,Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

 

Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. In an article, author is SWAYZE, EE, once mentioned the application of 552-63-6, Name is 3-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoic acid, molecular formula is C9H10O3, molecular weight is 166.1739, MDL number is MFCD00004255, category is isothiazole. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category, Name: 3-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoic acid.

THE SYNTHESIS OF SEVERAL IMIDAZO[4,5-D]ISOTHIAZOLES – DERIVATIVES OF A NEW RING-SYSTEM

Several derivatives of the new imidazo[4,5-d]isothiazole ring system have been synthesized from the appropriately substituted isothiazolediamines. The reaction of 3-methyl-4,5-diaminoisothiazole (4a) with diethoxy-methyl acetate gave a low yield of 3-methylimidazo[4,5-d]isothiazole (5a). However, the analogous reaction of 4,5-diaminoisothiazole (4b) with diethoxymethyl acetate failed to yield the parent imidazo[4,5-d]isothiazole ring system. The diamines 4a and 4b were readily cyclized with thiocarbonyldiimidazole to give the unstable thiones 6a and 6b, which were alkylated in situ to afford good yields of the corresponding 5-methylthioimidazo[4,5-d]isothiazoles 7a and 7b, respectively. Neither of these compounds could be reduced to the corresponding 5-unsubstituted derivatives via treatment with Raney nickel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the imidazo[4,5-d]isothiazole ring system.

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Reference:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
,Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

 

Chemistry is an experimental science, Application In Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoic acid, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 552-63-6, Name is 3-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoic acid, molecular formula is C9H10O3, belongs to isothiazole compound. In a document, author is BAGGI, P.

ISOTHIAZOLES .4. CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS OF DIARYL-OXAZOLONES AND MUNCHNONES TO 3-DIETHYLAMINO-4-(4-METHOXYPHENYL)-ISOTHIAZOLE 1,1-DIOXIDE – A NEW SYNTHESIS OF TRIARYLPYRROLES

3-Diethylamino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-isothiazole 1,1-dioxide(3) readily reacts with oxazolones 2 and munchnones 7 affording with satisfactory yield 3-diethylamino-4,6-diaryl-3a,4-dihydro-3a-(4-methoxyphenyl)6aH-pyrrolo[3,4-d]isthiazole 1,1-dioxides 4 and 3-diethylamino-4,6-diaryl-5-alkyl-3a-(4-methoxyphenyl)-pyrrolo[3,4]isothiazole l,1-dioxides 8, respectively. The behaviour of the cycloadducts towards elevated temperatures and/or basic conditions was investigated. Under these conditions the primary products lost SO2 and diethylcyanamide affording 1-alkyl-2,3,5-triarylpyrroles 9 and 1H-2,3,5-triarylpyrroles 10. These latter were found to be better obtained through thermal decomposition of N-protected cycloadducts 8 and subsequent deprotecting the final pyrroles.

Sometimes chemists are able to propose two or more mechanisms that are consistent with the available data. If a proposed mechanism predicts the wrong experimental rate law, however, the mechanism must be incorrect.Welcome to check out more blogs about 552-63-6, in my other articles. Application In Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoic acid.

Reference:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
,Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

 

In an article, author is CIMIRAGLIA, R, once mentioned the application of 552-63-6, SDS of cas: 552-63-6, Name is 3-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoic acid, molecular formula is C9H10O3, molecular weight is 166.1739, MDL number is MFCD00004255, category is isothiazole. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category.

REVIVAL OF AN OLD STRUCTURE PROBLEM – TRITHIAPENTALENE – REAL OR TIME-AVERAGED C2V SYMMETRY

The structures of 1,6,6a-lambda-4-trithiapentalene la and the related compounds 1,6-dioxa-6a-lambda-4-thiapentalene lb and 1,6-diaza-6a-lambda-4-thiapentalene 1c were examined on the basis of ab initio MO theory employing the 3-21G(*) and 6-31G* basis sets. In case of the trithia and dioxathia molecules, the bridged C2-nu structures appear as most stable arrangements when the correlation energy is considered, whereas the corresponding open C(s) forms are preferred at the SCF level. The same conclusions can be drawn for the 1,6-disubstituted diazathiapentalenes. Contrary to this, structure 4 with an aromatic isothiazole ring is the most stable form for the unsubstituted compounds.

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Reference:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
,Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

 

Chemistry is the experimental science by definition. We want to make observations to prove hypothesis. For this purpose, we perform experiments in the lab. , Recommanded Product: 3-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoic acid, 552-63-6, Name is 3-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoic acid, molecular formula is C9H10O3, belongs to isothiazole compound. In a document, author is Shishkina, Svitlana, V, introduce the new discover.

Polymorphism of methyl 4-amino-3-phenylisothiazole-5-carboxylate: an experimental and theoretical study

Being a close analogue of amflutizole, methyl 4-amino-3-phenylisothiazole-5-carboxylate (C11H10N2O2S) was assumed to be capable of forming polymorphic structures. Noncentrosymmetric and centrosymmetric polymorphs have been obtained by crystallization from a series of more volatile solvents and from denser tetrachloromethane, respectively. Identical conformations of the molecule are found in both structures. The two polymorphs differ mainly in the intermolecular interactions formed by the amino group and in the type of stacking interactions between the pi-systems. The most effective method for revealing packing motifs in structures with intermolecular interactions of different types (hydrogen bonding, stacking, dispersion, etc.) is to study the pairwise interaction energies using quantum chemical calculations. Molecules form a column as the primary basic structural motif due to stacking interactions in both polymorphic structures under study. The character of a column (straight or zigzag) is determined by the orientations of the stacked molecules (in a ‘head-to-head’ or ‘head-to-tail’ manner). Columns bound by intermolecular N-H center dot center dot center dot O and N-H center dot center dot center dot N hydrogen bonds form a double column as the main structural motif in the noncentrosymmetric structure. Double columns in the noncentrosymmetric structure and columns in the centrosymmetric structure interact strongly within the ab crystallographic plane, forming a layer as a secondary basic structural motif. The noncentrosymmetric structure has a lower density and a lower (by 0.59 kJ mol(-1)) lattice energy, calculated using periodic calculations, compared to the centrosymmetric structure.

A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 552-63-6. Recommanded Product: 3-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoic acid.

Reference:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
,Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

 

Related Products of 552-63-6, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C¨CH bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 552-63-6, Name is 3-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoic acid, SMILES is O=C(O)C(C1=CC=CC=C1)CO, belongs to isothiazole compound. In a article, author is Christoforou, IC, introduce new discover of the category.

Regiospecific Suzuki coupling of 3,5-dichloroisothiazole-4-carbonitrile

3,5-Dichloroisothiazole-4-carbonitrile 1 reacts with aryl- and methylboronic acids to give in high yields the 3-chloro-5-(aryl and methyl)-isothiazole-4-carbonitrile 2 regiospecifically. The reaction was optimized with respect to base, phase transfer agent and palladium catalyst. Suzuki coupling at C-5 was also achieved in high yield using potassium phenyltrifluoroborate. The regiospecificity of either coupling method is maintained with 3,5-dibromoisothiazole-4-carbonitrile 4 to give exclusively 3-bromo-5-phenylisothiazole-4-carbonitrile 5. Suzuki cross-coupling conditions applied to 3-chloro-5-phenylisothiazole-4-carbonitrile 2a gave 3-phenoxy-5-phenylisothiazole-4-carbonitrite 6, which was prepared independently, and not the 3-phenyl derivative. All isothiazole products were fully characterized.

Related Products of 552-63-6, The reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is called a substrate. Enzyme inhibitors cause a decrease in the reaction rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.I hope my blog about 552-63-6 is helpful to your research.

Reference:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
,Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

 

Catalysts are substances that increase the reaction rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. 552-63-6, Name is 3-Hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoic acid, SMILES is O=C(O)C(C1=CC=CC=C1)CO, belongs to isothiazole compound. In a document, author is Degl’Innocenti, A, introduce the new discover, Category: isothiazole.

Organosilane-induced synthesis and functionalization of sulfur-containing compounds

Reactions of organothiosilanes with organic substrates generally lead to delivery of a sulfur moiety onto the target molecule, the precise outcome being related to the structure of the silyl sulfide used. Aromatic and aliphatic silyl sulfides react with carbonyl compounds under acidic or basic conditions to afford thioacetals and thioketals, but reactions with more activated compounds such as alpha,beta-unsaturated acylsilanes give the Michael adducts, which represent versatile intermediates in organic synthesis. Silyl sulfides tan also participate in substitution reactions of silyl enol ethers to afford vinyl sulfides. On the contrary, hexamethyldisilathiane reacts with various carbonyl compounds under the catalysis of CoCl2. 6H(2)O or CF3SO3SiMe3 with thionation of the carbonyl unit, thereby providing a general access to thioketones and thioaldehydes, which can be trapped in situ by dienes. The use of CF3SO3SiMe3 in the reaction with cyclohexadiene gives rise to the interesting feature that stereopredetennined access to either the endo or the exo isomer can be obtained. Furthermore, when using aromatic or heteroaromatic o-azidoaldehydes, the reactivity of hexamethyldisilathiane may be finely tuned to drive the reaction towards the synthesis of o-azidothioaldehydes, fused isothiazole ring systems, or aromatic and heteroaromatic o-amino aldehydes and o-amino thioaldehydes, Lastly, by taking advantage of the high reactivity of the C-Sf bond under fluoride ion catalysis, selective regiospecific thiophilic functionalizations of thioketones, dithioesters, trithiocarbonates, and their sulfines by various organosilanes such as allylsilanes, benzylsilane, and alpha-hetero-substituted silyl nucleophiles can be realized.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 552-63-6 is helpful to your research. Category: isothiazole.

Reference:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
,Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com