New Advances in Chemical Research in 2021, Reactions catalyzed within inorganic and organic materials and at electrochemical interfaces commonly occur at high coverage and in condensed media. 99-04-7, Name is 3-Methylbenzoic acid, molecular formula is C8H8O2, belongs to isothiazole compound. In a document, author is Guillard, J, introduce the new discover, Category: isothiazole.
Premixed ethyl carbamate, thionyl chloride and pyridine (which generate thiazyl chloride, N=SCl) in boiling benzene or toluene convert 2,5- and 2,3,5- substituted furans into 5- acylisothiazoles regiospecifically. The reactions are much faster and generally higher yielding in boiling chlorobenzene with more thionyl chloride and with pyridine or isoquinoline as base. Under the more vigorous conditions, even fully substituted 3-bromofurans give isothiazoles, with the displacement of bromine. Deactivated furans, with electron-withdrawing groups such as ester, cyano, benzoyl and phenylsulfonyl in the alpha -position, react under the more vigorous conditions to give 5- acylisothiazoles with the electronegative group in the 3-position. The ‘activated’ 2-methyl-5-phenyl- and 5-phenyl-2-phenylthio-furans react analogously, with the more electron-releasing group becoming part of the 5- acyl substituent, exclusively or predominantly. These results are explained by initial electrophilic attack of the furan ring to give beta -thiazyl derivative which spontaneously ring-opens and closes to the isothiazole. The X-ray structures of ve of the differently substituted isothiazole compounds are reported. All have very similar patterns of bonding within their isothiazole rings that appear to be independent of the electron-withdrawing or -donating nature of the substituents. Three of the compounds (8a, 8g and 13) have loosely linked chain structures in the solid state, adjacent molecules being connected by combinations of hydrogen bonding and pi-pi stacking interactions.
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Reference:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
,Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com