Month: February 2023

New scalable asymmetric aminomethylation reaction for the synthesis of β²-amino acids was written by Moumne, Roba;Denise, Bernard;Guitot, Karine;Rudler, Henri;Lavielle, Solange;Karoyan, Philipe. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2007.Quality Control of 1-((3aR,6S,7aS)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)propan-1-one This article mentions the following:

β-Amino acids are useful tools in the design of peptidomimetics, and the development of new methods for their syntheses, particularly the synthesis of β²-amino acids, remains an important challenge. Here a scalable route based on the aminomethylation of silyl ketene N,O-acetals by Mannich-type iminium electrophiles was reported. Using this method, a series of N-Boc protected β-amino acids were obtained in good yields and high enantioselectivities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-((3aR,6S,7aS)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)propan-1-one (cas: 128947-19-3Quality Control of 1-((3aR,6S,7aS)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)propan-1-one).

1-((3aR,6S,7aS)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)propan-1-one (cas: 128947-19-3) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Similar to other five-membered heterocycles, isothiazoles react with a wide range of electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents to form diverse products. Isothiazoles are readily prepared from isoxazoles. Thus, reductive ring opening of isoxazoles gives enaminones , which on treatment with phosphorus pentasulfide and chloranil give the corresponding isothiazoles.Quality Control of 1-((3aR,6S,7aS)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)propan-1-one

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Replacement of oxygen by sulfur in small organic molecules. 3. Theoretical studies on the tautomeric equilibria of the 2OH and 4OH-substituted oxazole and thiazole and the 3OH and 4OH-substituted isoxazole and isothiazole in the isolated state and in solution was written by Nagy, Peter I.. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2016.Product Details of 1003-07-2 This article mentions the following:

This follow-up paper completes the author’s investigations to explore the in-solution structural preferences and relative free energies of all OH-substituted oxazole, thiazole, isoxazole, and isothiazole systems. The polarizable continuum dielec. solvent method calculations in the integral-equation formalism (IEF-PCM) were performed at the DFT/B97D/aug-cc-pv(q+(d))z level for the stable neutral tautomers with geometries optimized in dichloromethane and aqueous solution With the exception of the predictions for the predominant tautomers of the 3OH isoxazole and isothiazole, the results of the IEF-PCM calculations for identifying the most stable tautomer of the given species in the two selected solvents agreed with those from exptl. investigations. The calculations predict that the hydroxy proton, with the exception for the 4OH isoxazole and 4OH isothiazole, moves preferentially to the ring nitrogen or to a ring carbon atom in parallel with the development of a C=O group. The remaining, low-fraction OH tautomers will not be observable in the equilibrium compositions Relative solvation free energies obtained by the free energy perturbation method implemented in Monte Carlo simulations are in moderate accord with the IEF-PCM results, but consideration of the ΔGsolv/MC values in calculating ΔGstot maintains the tautomeric preferences. It was revealed from the Monte Carlo solution structure analyses that the S atom is not a hydrogen-bond acceptor in any OH-substituted thiazole or isothiazole, and the OH-substituted isoxazole and oxazole ring oxygens may act as a weak hydrogen-bond acceptor at most. The mols. form 1.0-3.4 solute-water hydrogen bonds in generally unexplored numbers at some specific solute sites. Nonetheless, hydrogen-bond formation is favorable with the NH, C=O and OH groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isothiazol-3(2H)-one (cas: 1003-07-2Product Details of 1003-07-2).

Isothiazol-3(2H)-one (cas: 1003-07-2) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. The chemistry of isothiazoles is being intensively developed, which is evidenced by the wide range of selective transformations involving the isothiazole heterocycle and the high biological activity of its derivatives that can be used as effective new drugs and plant protection chemicals. In general, isothiazole undergoes nitration in the presence of HNO3, sulfuric acid, and sulfonation by using sulfuric acid under thermal conditions to generate corresponding 4-nitro- and 4-sulfonic acid derivatives, respectively.Product Details of 1003-07-2

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

The Influence of Substance Use on Side Effects of Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Risperidone, and Ziprasidone in Psychosis. was written by Alisauskiene, Renata;Johnsen, Erik;Gjestad, Rolf;Kroken, Rune A;Jørgensen, Hugo A;Løberg, Else-Marie. And the article was included in Substance use & misuse in 2021.Name: 5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one This article mentions the following:

BACKGROUND: Side effects restrict the optimal use of antipsychotics. Little is known about the influence of substance use on side effects. The aim of this study was to compare antipsychotic side effects in patients with psychosis with and without substance use, while also taking medication history and diagnosis into consideration. METHODS: All patients (n = 226, mean age 34, females 33%) diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD; F20-F29) or other psychosis (F30-F32; F10-F19), were treated with olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone or ziprasidone, and were assessed at baseline, 4-weeks, 14-weeks, and 27-weeks. The UKU-Side Effects Self-Rating Scale version was used to evaluate the side effect profiles, and the information on substance use was based on the Clinician Drug Use Scale. RESULTS: At baseline, 30% of the patients used substances, 54% were diagnosed with SSD, and 47% were antipsychotic naïve. The occurrence of side effects in total was not different in patients with substance use compared to without after 4-weeks of treatment, nor in the follow-up period. At 4-weeks there were some group differences in relation to substance use, diagnosis, and medication history for single side effects. Patients with substance use showed more increased dream activity, less reduced salivation, and more gynecomastia. Patients with SSD showed less neurological side effects, orgasm dysfunction, and tension/inner unrest. The medication naïve patients showed increased hypokinesia/akinesia. CONCLUSION: Substance use alone does not influence the general magnitude of side effects of antipsychotic medication and does not indicate a different prescription practice in patients with psychosis and substance use. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one (cas: 146939-27-7Name: 5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one).

5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one (cas: 146939-27-7) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Isothiazole is more toxic than pyridine. But the more substituted isothiazoles are usually far less toxic. In general, isothiazole undergoes nitration in the presence of HNO3, sulfuric acid, and sulfonation by using sulfuric acid under thermal conditions to generate corresponding 4-nitro- and 4-sulfonic acid derivatives, respectively.Name: 5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

A review on schizophrenia: outline and treatment was written by Chaudhary, Sarika;Chaudhary, Stepi;Tyagi, Vishal. And the article was included in International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research in 2022.Computed Properties of C21H21ClN4OS This article mentions the following:

Schizophrenia is a debilitating, genetic brain condition caused by anomalies that appear early in infancy and interrupt normal brain development. It has a lifetime risk of 1% and affects people of all ages, with around 10% dying by suicide. COVID-19 may raise the risk of mortality and morbidity in people with schizophrenia. Although antipsychotic medications of the first, second, and third generations are the most commonly prescribed treatments for schizophrenia, they are linked to major side effects such as tardive dyskinesia, oxidative stress, and EPS. Ayurvedic herbal medications and some dietary supplements score well in this category since they can be taken for a long time without causing major adverse effects and have antioxidant properties. Low potency first generation antipsychotics, sedating antihistamines, and benzodiazepines, as well as inhalable antipsychotics, oral and short acting injectable olanzapine, and ziprasidone, as well as low potency first generation antipsychotics, sedating antihistamines, and benzodiazepines, should be avoided or closely monitored for patients with COVID-19. Mentally ill patients with COVID -19 should be segregated if at all possible, and employees should be adequately protected. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one (cas: 146939-27-7Computed Properties of C21H21ClN4OS).

5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one (cas: 146939-27-7) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Isothiazole is more toxic than pyridine. But the more substituted isothiazoles are usually far less toxic. The isothiazoles can be oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxides on treatment with peracids.Computed Properties of C21H21ClN4OS

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Copper-Catalyzed Intermolecular Trifluoromethylazidation of Alkenes: Convenient Access to CF₃-Containing Alkyl Azides was written by Wang, Fei;Qi, Xiaoxu;Liang, Zhaoli;Chen, Pinhong;Liu, Guosheng. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2014.SDS of cas: 119944-89-7 This article mentions the following:

A novel copper-catalyzed intermol. trifluoromethylazidation of alkenes has been developed under mild reaction conditions. A variety of CF₃-containing azides were directly synthesized from a wide range of olefins, including activated and un-activated alkenes, and the resulting products can be easily transformed into the corresponding CF₃-containing amine derivatives Under optimized reaction conditions the synthesis of the target compounds was achieved using tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper hexafluorophosphate as a catalyst for a reaction of alkenes with trimethylsilyl azide and 3,3-dimethyl-1-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-benzodioxol. Alkene reactants included (ethenyl)benzene derivatives (styrene), cyclopentene, cyclohexene, indene, cyclooctene, dihydroquinoline, (3β)-3-(acetyloxy)pregn-5-en-20-one, 4-methoxyphenyl 4,6-O-[(S)-phenylmethylene]-3-O-2-propen-1-yl-β-δ-galactopyranose (monosaccharide O-allyl ether), terpene derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-((3aR,6S,7aS)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (cas: 119944-89-7SDS of cas: 119944-89-7).

1-((3aR,6S,7aS)-8,8-Dimethyl-2,2-dioxidohexahydro-1H-3a,6-methanobenzo[c]isothiazol-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (cas: 119944-89-7) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Isothiazoles and isothiazolium cations are attacked by carbanions at sulfur and on recyclization can give thiophenes. Various penicillins and cephalosporins having an isothiazole ring system have shown considerable antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.SDS of cas: 119944-89-7

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Application of chlorine dioxide to thermoelectric circulating cooling water in our plant was written by Xiong, Chuanjia. And the article was included in Chunjian Gongye in 2011.Name: Isothiazol-3(2H)-one This article mentions the following:

The author introduced sterilization characteristics of chlorine dioxide and the practical application in circulating cooling water in our thermoelec. plant, and carried out ClO₂ lab experiments The experiment studied the effects of added amount of ClO₂ and pH value on sterilization rate, and carried out algae killing experiment The results showed that ClO₂ had good sterilization and algae killing effect at pH 8-9, the ClO₂-not oxidized isothiazolinone-based biocide composite agent had obvious bacterium killing, and had iron removal and washing effects. The study improves bacterium killing effect for circulating cooling water in our thermoelec. plant and ensures stable operation of cooling water system. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isothiazol-3(2H)-one (cas: 1003-07-2Name: Isothiazol-3(2H)-one).

Isothiazol-3(2H)-one (cas: 1003-07-2) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Isothiazoles and benzisothiazoles are usually liquids or low-melting-point solids; polar substituents increase the melting points because of the possibility of hydrogen bonding and other interactions in the crystalline state. The isothiazoles can be oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxides on treatment with peracids.Name: Isothiazol-3(2H)-one

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Salt Solubility and Disproportionation – Uses and Limitations of Equations for pH_max and the In-silico Prediction of pH_max was written by Avdeef, Alex;Sugano, Kiyohiko. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Philadelphia, PA, United States) in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 146939-27-7 This article mentions the following:

A multiphasic mass action equilibrium model was used to study the phase properties near the critical pH (‘pH_max‘) in an acid-base transformation of a solid drug salt into its corresponding solid free base form in pure water slurries. The goal of this study was to better define the characteristics of disproportionation of pharmaceutical salts, objectively (i) to classify salts as μ-type (microclimate stable) or δ-type (disproportionation prone) based on the relationship between the calculated pHmax and the calculated pH of the saturated salt solution, (ii) to compare the distribution of μ/δ-type salts to predictions from the disproportionation potential equation introduced by Merritt et al.,20 (iii) to determine if the intrinsic solubility of the free base, S₀, can be predicted from the measured μ-type salt solubility as a means of estimating the value of pH_max, (iv) to determine S₀ directly from the measured δ-type salt solubility, and (v) to address some of the limitations of the equations commonly used to calculate pH_max. When the salt solubility is measured for a basic API (pKa of which is known), but the exptl. value of S₀ is unavailable, a potentially useful simple screen for disproportionation is still possible, since pHmax can be estimated from a ‘μ-predicted&’ (objective iii) or ‘δ-measured&’ S₀ (objective iv). Twelve model weak base API were selected in the study. For each API, 2-17 different salt forms with reported salt solubilities in distilled water were sourced from the literature. In all, 73 salt solubility values based on 29 different salt-forming acids comprise the studied set. All the corresponding free base solubility values were available. The pKa values for all the acids and bases studied are generally well known. For each API salt, an acid-base titration simulation was performed, anchored to the measured salt solubility value, using the general mass action anal. program pDISOL-X. The log S-pH profiles were drawn out by analytic continuity from pH 0 to 13, as described in detail previously.24 Potentially useful in-silico models were developed that correlate pS₀ to linear functions of the salt solubility in water, pSw, the partition coefficient of the salt-forming acid (log PacidOCT) and the m.p. (mp) of the drug salt, thereby enabling the derivation of the approx. pH_max value from the predicted pS₀ . In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one (cas: 146939-27-7HPLC of Formula: 146939-27-7).

5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one (cas: 146939-27-7) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Similar to other five-membered heterocycles, isothiazoles react with a wide range of electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents to form diverse products. Isothiazoles are readily prepared from isoxazoles. Thus, reductive ring opening of isoxazoles gives enaminones , which on treatment with phosphorus pentasulfide and chloranil give the corresponding isothiazoles.HPLC of Formula: 146939-27-7

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

26-Week Open-Label Extension Study Evaluating the Safety and Tolerability of Flexible Doses of Oral Ziprasidone in Children and Adolescents with Bipolar I Disorder (Most Recent Episode Manic) was written by Atkinson, Sarah;Bachinsky, Mary;Raiter, Yaron;Abreu, Paula;Ianos, Claudia;Chappell, Phillip;Findling, Robert L.. And the article was included in Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology in 2022.Computed Properties of C21H21ClN4OS This article mentions the following:

Objective: To describe the longer-term effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of open-label ziprasidone in children and adolescents with bipolar I disorder (BD-I). Methods: A subset of 23 participants aged 10-17 years, who were previously treated in a multi-site, 4-wk randomized controlled trial received open-label ziprasidone (20-80 mg twice a day) for up to 26 wk. Results: The most common adverse events (AEs) were fatigue (30%), somnolence (17%), and nausea (13%). Effects on weight, body mass index, and metabolic parameters (glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides) were minimal. No participant had a Fridericia-corrected QT interval ≥ 460 ms or a change from baseline of ≥60 ms, and there were no cardiac-related AEs. Both the participants who continued ziprasidone and those who initiated ziprasidone in the open-label extension showed improvements in their symptoms of mania. Conclusions: The overall findings of the study are consistent with the accumulating knowledge on the safety profile of ziprasidone in the acute and long-term treatment of children and adolescents with BD-I, in the midst of a manic episode. ClinicalTrial.gov ID: NCT03768726. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one (cas: 146939-27-7Computed Properties of C21H21ClN4OS).

5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one (cas: 146939-27-7) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Some representatives of isothiazoles have proven to be synergists of bioactive substances, which opens the way to lower the doses of drugs used and is especially important in cancer chemotherapy. Many compounds with an isothiazole scaffold demonstrated a wide range of biological profiles. Some of these molecules have been efficiently used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.Computed Properties of C21H21ClN4OS

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

O-Alkyl Hydroxamates Display Potent and Selective Antileishmanial Activity was written by Corpas-Lopez, Victoriano;Tabraue-Chavez, Mavys;Sixto-Lopez, Yudibeth;Panadero-Fajardo, Sonia;Alves de Lima Franco, Fernando;Dominguez-Seglar, Jose F.;Morillas-Marquez, Francisco;Franco-Montalban, Francisco;Diaz-Gavilan, Monica;Correa-Basurto, Jose;Lopez-Viota, Julian;Lopez-Viota, Margarita;Perez del Palacio, Jose;de la Cruz, Mercedes;de Pedro, Nuria;Martin-Sanchez, Joaquina;Gomez-Vidal, Jose A.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2020.SDS of cas: 62473-92-1 This article mentions the following:

Leishmania (L.) infantum causes visceral, cutaneous, and mucosal leishmaniasis in humans and canine leishmaniasis in dogs. Herein, we describe that O-alkyl hydroxamate derivatives displayed potent and selective in vitro activity against the amastigote stage of L. infantum while no activity was observed against promastigotes. Compound PhNHCO(CH₂)₆CONHOCPh₃ (I)showed potent in vivo activity against L. infantum. Moreover, the combination of compound 5 supported on gold nanoparticles and meglumine antimoniate was also effective in vivo and improved the activity of these compounds compared to that of the individual treatment. Docking studies showed that compound 5 did not reach highly conserved pocket C and established interactions with the semiconserved residues V44, A45, R242, and E243 in pocket A of LiSIR2rp1. The surface space determined by these four amino acids is not conserved in human sirtuins. Compound I represents a new class of selective ligands with antileishmanial activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Bromobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 62473-92-1SDS of cas: 62473-92-1).

6-Bromobenzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (cas: 62473-92-1) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. The chemistry of isothiazoles is being intensively developed, which is evidenced by the wide range of selective transformations involving the isothiazole heterocycle and the high biological activity of its derivatives that can be used as effective new drugs and plant protection chemicals. In general, isothiazole undergoes nitration in the presence of HNO3, sulfuric acid, and sulfonation by using sulfuric acid under thermal conditions to generate corresponding 4-nitro- and 4-sulfonic acid derivatives, respectively.SDS of cas: 62473-92-1

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Switching between second-generation antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: 10-year cohort study in Brazil was written by Fulone, Izabela;Silva, Marcus Tolentino;Lopes, Luciane Cruz. And the article was included in Frontiers in Pharmacology in 2021.Related Products of 146939-27-7 This article mentions the following:

Switching between second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) is a common clin. practice in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders due to differences in the drugs’ tolerability and safety profiles as well as the challenge of obtaining an ideal response. However, the factors associated with SGA switching remain uncertain and related real-world data are scarce. The main objective was to identify the factors associated with the switching of SGAs in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, who were aged ≥18 years and received a SGA (clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine or ziprasidone) from a Brazilian pharmaceutical assistance program for at least 3 mo. We identified SGA users from 2008 to 2017 by using a national administrative database (Ambulatory Information System-SIA/SUS). The factors associated with the switches were evaluated by Cox proportional hazards regression and adjusted for sex and age; the confidence interval was set at 95% (95% CI). In total, 563,765 patients were included. Female sex, advanced age of ≥70 years, residence in the Brazilian northeast region, and the type of antipsychotic used were associated with an increased risk of switching (p < 0.001). The incidence of switching ranged from 37.6/100 person-years for clozapine users to 58.2/100 person-years for risperidone users. Compared to the adjusted hazard ratio, for clozapine users, the corresponding ratios for risperidone, ziprasidone, quetiapine and olanzapine were 1.59 (95% CI, 1.57-1.61), 1.41 (95% CI, 1.39-1.44), 1.25 (95% CI, 1.23-1.26) and 1.11 (95% CI, 1.10-1.12) resp. The groups most susceptible to SGA switching in real-life setting were older individuals, women, and those living in the Brazilian northeast region. Risperidone was associated with the highest risk of switching and as expected, clozapine was associated with the lowest risk of switching than that associated with the other SGAs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one (cas: 146939-27-7Related Products of 146939-27-7).

5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one (cas: 146939-27-7) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. Isothiazoles and their saturated and/or oxygenated analogs play an important role in pharmaceutical research. The ring structure of isothiazole is incorporated into larger compounds with biological activity such as the pharmaceutical drugs ziprasidone and perospirone.Related Products of 146939-27-7

Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com