Metformin for early comorbid glucose dysregulation and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a pilot double-blind randomized clinical trial was written by Agarwal, Sri Mahavir;Panda, Roshni;Costa-Dookhan, Kenya A.;MacKenzie, Nicole E.;Treen, Quinn Casuccio;Caravaggio, Fernando;Hashim, Eyesha;Leung, General;Kirpalani, Anish;Matheson, Kelly;Chintoh, Araba F.;Kramer, Caroline K.;Voineskos, Aristotle N.;Graff-Guerrero, Ariel;Remington, Gary J.;Hahn, Margaret K.. And the article was included in Translational Psychiatry in 2021.Reference of 146939-27-7 This article mentions the following:
Patients with schizophrenia have exceedingly high rates of metabolic comorbidity including type 2 diabetes and lose 15-20 years of life due to cardiovascular diseases, with early accrual of cardiometabolic disease. In this study, thirty overweight or obese (Body Mass Index (BMI) > 25) participants under 40 years old with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and early comorbid prediabetes or type 2 diabetes receiving antipsychotic medications were randomized, in a double-blind fashion, to metformin 1500 mg/day or placebo (2:1 ratio; n = 21 metformin and n = 9 placebo) for 4 mo. The primary outcome measures were improvements in glucose homeostasis (HbA1c, fasting glucose) and insulin resistance (Matsuda index-derived from oral glucose tolerance tests and homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)). Secondary outcome measures included changes in weight, MRI measures of fat mass and distribution, symptom severity, cognition, and hippocampal volume Twenty-two patients (n = 14 metformin; n = 8 placebo) completed the trial. The metformin group had a significant decrease over time in the HOMA-IR (p = 0.043) and fasting blood glucose (p = 0.007) vs. placebo. There were no differences between treatment groups in the Matsuda index, HbA1c, which could suggest liver-specific effects of metformin. There were no between group differences in other secondary outcome measures, while weight loss in the metformin arm correlated significantly with decreases in s.c., but not visceral or hepatic adipose tissue. Our results show that metformin improved dysglycemia and insulin sensitivity, independent of weight loss, in a young population with prediabetes/diabetes and psychosis spectrum illness, that is at extremely high risk of early cardiovascular mortality. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one (cas: 146939-27-7Reference of 146939-27-7).
5-(2-(4-(Benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-6-chloroindolin-2-one (cas: 146939-27-7) belongs to isothiazole derivatives. The chemistry of isothiazoles is being intensively developed, which is evidenced by the wide range of selective transformations involving the isothiazole heterocycle and the high biological activity of its derivatives that can be used as effective new drugs and plant protection chemicals. Many compounds with an isothiazole scaffold demonstrated a wide range of biological profiles, including antiinflammatory, antithrombotic, and anticonvulsive agents.Reference of 146939-27-7
Referemce:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com