Month: April 2022

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: (1S,3R)-1,2,2-Trimethylcyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, is researched, Molecular C10H16O4, CAS is 560-09-8, about Protective effect of α-lipoic acid on diabetes cardiomyopathy in rats.Synthetic Route of C10H16O4.

The protective effect of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on diabetes cardiomyopathy and its mechanism were explored. SD rats were randomly divided into normal control, diabetes model, low, moderate and high dose ALA treatment groups with a peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) of 60 mg/kg. The rats in ALA treatment groups were administrated by gavage with ALA at the dosages of 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg a day for 12 wk. The contents of blood sugar and serum fructosamine were detected. Immunohistochem. method and western blot method were used to determine matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in myocardial tissue of the rats. Compared with those of the control group (4.62±1.03, 3.2±0.19), fasting blood glucose and serum fructosamine of the diabetic rats (25.45±3.24, 4.43±0.62) were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05). Cardiac function test showed that left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) increased and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), ±dp/dtmax declined significantly in diabetes rats compared with those of the control rats (P<0.05 for all) and the protein expressions of MMP-2 (68.9±4.35), MMP-9 (87.38±11.10), TIMP-1 (81.82±9.61), and MMP-9/TIMP-1 (1.05±0.06) were also significantly up-regulated in the diabetic rats (P<0.05 for all). Compared with the diabetic group, fasting blood glucose and serum fructosamine of the ALA treated rats were significantly decreased (P<0.05 for all) and LVEDP (5.60±0.98 mmHg) decreased significantly (P<0.05) and LVSP (127.55±5.45 mmHg) elevated (P<0.05). The protein expressions of MMP-2 (62.26), MMP-9 (76.78), TIMP-1 (72.87) and MMP-9/TIMP-1 (1.03) of ALA treated rats were significantly decreased compared to those of the diabetic model rats (P<0.05 for all). ALA had protective effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy through regulating MMPs and TIMP-1. From this literature《Protective effect of α-lipoic acid on diabetes cardiomyopathy in rats》,we know some information about this compound(560-09-8)Synthetic Route of C10H16O4, but this is not all information, there are many literatures related to this compound(560-09-8).

Reference:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Campo, F.; Carradore, L.; Furlani, D.; Panfilio, R. published the article 《Adsorbing power of metal hydrates. 1》. Keywords: metal hydrate adsorbent water purification.They researched the compound: Aluminum(III) sulfate xhydrate( cas:17927-65-0 ).Application In Synthesis of Aluminum(III) sulfate xhydrate. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:17927-65-0) here.

The adsorption capacity of metal hydrates is, in some cases, greater than that of activated carbon. The compounds, which are obtained from inorganic polyelectrolyte coagulants, are affected by SO42- and by the degree of flocculation and coagulation of the waters.

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Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Most of the natural products isolated at present are heterocyclic compounds, so heterocyclic compounds occupy an important position in the research of organic chemistry. A compound: 119639-24-6, is researched, SMILESS is O=C(C=C1)N(C(C)(C)C)S1(=O)=O, Molecular C7H11NO3SJournal, Helvetica Chimica Acta called Tilcotil studies. [3+2]Additions with isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide, Author is Burri, Kaspar F., the main research direction is isothiazolone dioxide regiospecific cycloaddition; tenoxicam analog; piroxicam analog; safety pyrazoloisothiazolone dioxide preparation.Recommanded Product: 2-(tert-Butyl)isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide.

Derivatives of isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (I) react regiospecifically with 1,3-dipolar agents. The main regiocontrolling factor is the C:O group of the dipolarophile. The topol. of the adducts is also in general agreement with predictions based on perturbation theory. Several adducts can be aromatized to heterocyclic equivalents of saccharin, and can then be elaborated into structural analogs of tenoxicam (Tilcotil) and piroxicam (Feldene).

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Reference:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Protective effect of α-lipoic acid on diabetes cardiomyopathy in rats, published in 2012-01-31, which mentions a compound: 560-09-8, mainly applied to alpha lipoic acid diabetes cardiomyopathy matrix metalloproteinase, Application In Synthesis of (1S,3R)-1,2,2-Trimethylcyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid.

The protective effect of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on diabetes cardiomyopathy and its mechanism were explored. SD rats were randomly divided into normal control, diabetes model, low, moderate and high dose ALA treatment groups with a peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) of 60 mg/kg. The rats in ALA treatment groups were administrated by gavage with ALA at the dosages of 15, 30, and 60 mg/kg a day for 12 wk. The contents of blood sugar and serum fructosamine were detected. Immunohistochem. method and western blot method were used to determine matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in myocardial tissue of the rats. Compared with those of the control group (4.62±1.03, 3.2±0.19), fasting blood glucose and serum fructosamine of the diabetic rats (25.45±3.24, 4.43±0.62) were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05). Cardiac function test showed that left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) increased and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), ±dp/dtmax declined significantly in diabetes rats compared with those of the control rats (P<0.05 for all) and the protein expressions of MMP-2 (68.9±4.35), MMP-9 (87.38±11.10), TIMP-1 (81.82±9.61), and MMP-9/TIMP-1 (1.05±0.06) were also significantly up-regulated in the diabetic rats (P<0.05 for all). Compared with the diabetic group, fasting blood glucose and serum fructosamine of the ALA treated rats were significantly decreased (P<0.05 for all) and LVEDP (5.60±0.98 mmHg) decreased significantly (P<0.05) and LVSP (127.55±5.45 mmHg) elevated (P<0.05). The protein expressions of MMP-2 (62.26), MMP-9 (76.78), TIMP-1 (72.87) and MMP-9/TIMP-1 (1.03) of ALA treated rats were significantly decreased compared to those of the diabetic model rats (P<0.05 for all). ALA had protective effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy through regulating MMPs and TIMP-1. From this literature《Protective effect of α-lipoic acid on diabetes cardiomyopathy in rats》,we know some information about this compound(560-09-8)Application In Synthesis of (1S,3R)-1,2,2-Trimethylcyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, but this is not all information, there are many literatures related to this compound(560-09-8).

Reference:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 2-(tert-Butyl)isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide, is researched, Molecular C7H11NO3S, CAS is 119639-24-6, about Tilcotil studies. [3+2]Additions with isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide, the main research direction is isothiazolone dioxide regiospecific cycloaddition; tenoxicam analog; piroxicam analog; safety pyrazoloisothiazolone dioxide preparation.Application In Synthesis of 2-(tert-Butyl)isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide.

Derivatives of isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (I) react regiospecifically with 1,3-dipolar agents. The main regiocontrolling factor is the C:O group of the dipolarophile. The topol. of the adducts is also in general agreement with predictions based on perturbation theory. Several adducts can be aromatized to heterocyclic equivalents of saccharin, and can then be elaborated into structural analogs of tenoxicam (Tilcotil) and piroxicam (Feldene).

From this literature《Tilcotil studies. [3+2]Additions with isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide》,we know some information about this compound(119639-24-6)Application In Synthesis of 2-(tert-Butyl)isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide, but this is not all information, there are many literatures related to this compound(119639-24-6).

Reference:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Most of the natural products isolated at present are heterocyclic compounds, so heterocyclic compounds occupy an important position in the research of organic chemistry. A compound: 560-09-8, is researched, SMILESS is CC1(C)[C@@H](CC[C@]1(C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O, Molecular C10H16O4Journal, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry called Synthesis of D-camphor based γ-amino acid (1S,3R)-3-amino-2,2,3-trimethylcyclopentane carboxylic acid, Author is Eagles, Joel B.; Hitchcock, Shawn R., the main research direction is camphor based amino acid aminotrimethyl cyclopentane carboxylic synthesis; camphoric anhydride nucleophilic ring opening benzyl alc; isocyanate Curtius rearrangement hydrogenolysis.HPLC of Formula: 560-09-8.

Synthesis of a γ-amino acid derived from (1R,3S)-camphoric acid is described. D-(+)-Camphoric anhydride, prepared from D-(+)-camphoric acid by treatment with methanesulfonyl chloride and triethylamine, was reacted with benzyl alc. and catalytic DMAP, and subsequently reacted in a Curtius rearrangement to afford the corresponding carbamate derivative This derivative was converted to the desired γ-amino acid through hydrogenolysis.

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Reference:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Inorganic Chemistry Communications called Homochiral ferroelectric three-dimensional cadmium(II) frameworks from racemic camphoric acid and 3,5-di(imidazol-1-yl)benzoic acid, Author is Su, Zhi; Lv, Gao-Chao; Fan, Jian; Liu, Guang-Xiang; Sun, Wei-Yin, which mentions a compound: 560-09-8, SMILESS is CC1(C)[C@@H](CC[C@]1(C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O, Molecular C10H16O4, Application In Synthesis of (1S,3R)-1,2,2-Trimethylcyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid.

Two three-dimensional (3D) chiral frameworks, [Cd6(L)4(D-Cam)4(H2O)4]·2H2O (1D) and [Cd6(L)4(L-Cam)4(H2O)4]·2H2O (1L) [HL = 3,5-di(imidazol-1-yl)benzoic acid, D-H2Cam = D-camphoric acid, L-H2Cam = L-camphoric acid], were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, which represent a nice example of enantioselectivity of organic racemic ligands (DL-camphorates) during the self-assembly process and formation of the metal complexes. Compounds 1D and 1L feature 3-dimensional framework with chiral chains constructed by Cd(II) cations and camphorate anions. Solid-state CD spectra of 1D and 1L revealed that they are enantiomers. Also, the complexes with chiral C2 space group display ferroelec. behavior with a remnant elec. polarization (Pr) of ∼0.140 μC/cm2 and an elec. coercive field (Ec) of ∼17.11 kV/cm.

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Reference:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 119639-24-6, is researched, Molecular C7H11NO3S, about Palladium-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition via Twofold 1,3-C(sp3)-H Activation, the main research direction is palladium catalyzed cycloaddition carbon hydrogen bond activation; amide lactam cycloaddition maleimide.COA of Formula: C7H11NO3S.

Cycloaddition reactions provide an expeditious route to construct ring systems in a highly convergent and stereoselective manner. For a typical cycloaddition reaction to occur, however, the installation of multiple reactive functional groups (π-bonds, leaving group, etc.) are required within the substrates, compromising the overall efficiency or scope of the cycloaddition reaction. Here, we report a palladium-catalyzed [3 + 2] reaction that utilizes C(sp3)-H activation to generate the three-carbon unit for formal cycloaddition with maleimides. We implemented a strategy where the initial C(sp3)-H activation/olefin insertion would trigger a relayed, second remote C(sp3)-H activation to complete a formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition The diastereoselectivity profile of this reaction resembles that of a typical pericyclic cycloaddition reaction in that the relationships between multiple stereocenters are exquisitely controlled in a single reaction. The key to success was the use of weakly coordinating amides as the directing group, as undesired Heck or alkylation pathways were preferred with other types of directing groups. The use of the pyridine-3-sulfonic acid ligands is critical to enable C(sp3)-H activation directed by this weak coordination. The method is compatible with a wide range of amide substrates, including lactams, which lead to novel spiro-bicyclic products. The [3 + 2] product is also shown to undergo a reductive desymmetrization process to access chiral cyclopentane bearing multiple stereocenters with excellent enantioselectivity. Cycloaddition reactions provide an expeditious route to construct ring systems in a highly convergent and stereoselective manner. For a typical cycloaddition reaction to occur, however, the installation of multiple reactive functional groups (π-bonds, leaving group, etc.) is required within the substrates, compromising the overall efficiency or scope of the cycloaddition reaction. Here, we report a palladium-catalyzed [3 + 2] reaction that utilizes twofold C(sp3)-H activation to generate the three-carbon unit for formal cycloaddition The initial β-C(sp3)-H activation of aliphatic amide, followed by maleimide insertion, triggers a relayed, second C(sp3)-H activation to complete a formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition The key to success was the use of weakly coordinating amide as the directing group, as previous studies have shown that Heck or alkylation pathways are preferred when stronger-coordinating directing groups are used with maleimide coupling partners [e.g., N,N-dimethylpivalamide + N-(4-nitrophenyl)maleimide → I (87%, dr 6:1)]. To promote the amide-directed C(sp3)-H activation step, the use of pyridine-3-sulfonic acid ligands is crucial. This method is compatible with a wide range of amide substrates, including lactams, which lead to spiro-bicyclic products. The [3 + 2] product is also shown to undergo a reductive desymmetrization process to access chiral cyclopentane bearing multiple stereocenters with excellent enantioselectivity.

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Reference:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com

Quality Control of Aluminum(III) sulfate xhydrate. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: Aluminum(III) sulfate xhydrate, is researched, Molecular Al2H8O13S3, CAS is 17927-65-0, about A novel photoinitiated approach for preparing aluminum diethylphosphinate under atmospheric pressure. Author is Yang, Li; Han, Xin Yu; Tang, Xue Jiao; Han, Chang Xiu; Zhou, Yi Xiao; Zhang, Bao Gui.

A novel preparation of aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) was carried out with free-radical addition reaction by means of UV-irradiation under atm. pressure. A solution of sodium hypophosphite was treated with ethylene and irradiated with UV light in the presence of an amount of photoinitiator effective to initiate the free-radical reaction between the hypophosphite anion and the double bond of the ethylene mol. The ethylene was micro-bubbled into the reaction mixture with the addition of the photoinitiator, and the gas-liquid contact surface and the photoinitiator concentration in the gas-liquid interface were increased largely. The yield of the final product could be improved to about 96%. The contents of P, Al in samples were detected by ICP, and the mol. structure of the samples was confirmed by 31P NMR, 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopic anal. Thermal stability of the final products was investigated in detail by TG-DTA.

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Reference of Aluminum(III) sulfate xhydrate. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: Aluminum(III) sulfate xhydrate, is researched, Molecular Al2H8O13S3, CAS is 17927-65-0, about Thermal decomposition of aluminum sulfate and hafnium sulfate. Author is Papazian, H. A.; Pizzolato, P. J.; Orrell, R. R..

The thermal decomposition of Al2(SO4)3.-nH2O and Hf(SO4)2.4H23 was studied in air by thermogravimetry and in vacuum by simultaneous thermogravimetry and evolved-gas analysis. No SO2 was detected by the mass spectrometer. The primary products of decomposition appear to be SO and O2 for both sulfates. For the Al salt, the Arrhenius relationship shows 2 activation energies, whereas for the Hf salt there is only 1 activation energy in vacuum and 2 activation energies in air. X-ray data show the solid products of the reactions to be η-Al2O3 and HfO2. The diffraction pattern for Hf(SO4)2.4H2O is presented.

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Reference:
Isothiazole – Wikipedia,
Isothiazole – ScienceDirect.com