Computed Properties of Al2H8O13S3. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: Aluminum(III) sulfate xhydrate, is researched, Molecular Al2H8O13S3, CAS is 17927-65-0, about Kinetic Model for Catalytic Cracking of Heavy Oil with a Zirconia-Alumina-Iron Oxide Catalyst in a Steam Atmosphere. Author is Fumoto, Eri; Matsumura, Akimitsu; Sato, Shinya; Takanohashi, Toshimasa.
A kinetic model was proposed to represent the catalytic cracking of heavy oil with a zirconia-alumina-iron oxide catalyst in a steam atm. The model includes four lumps: heavy oil (b.p. above 350°C), gas oil (b.p. of 250-350°C), gasoline + kerosene (b.p. less than 250°C), and gas. In this reaction, heavy oil fractions reacted with lattice oxygen in iron oxide and the active oxygen species, which were incorporated from the steam into the iron oxide lattice. Hence, lighter fractions, such as gasoline, kerosene, and gas oil, and carbon dioxide were produced with almost no coke. Kinetic parameters were determined using a nonlinear least-squares regression of the exptl. results obtained under the reaction conditions of 450-500°C and a time factor, W/FR, of 3.8-28 h. The evaluated activation energy of heavy oil cracking was lower than those reported in the literature on the hydrocracking process. Accordingly, active oxygen species generated from steam and the lattice oxygen in iron oxide promoted the cracking of heavy oil.
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